If I asked you to go home right now... where would you go? Most people would answer with an address. A place they know how to reach. But what if you knew the way... and there was no home waiting for you at the end of it? What if the first place that ever rejected you... was home? In the late nineteenth century, an eleven-year-old Russian boy left his home for the last time. He carried nothing with him, and he did not know where the road would take him. But he knew that the home he was leaving was no longer a place where he could stay. His name was Alexei Maximovich Peshkov. Years later, this boy would not only change his life—he would change his name as well. He chose to introduce himself to the world as Maxim Gorky, a name that means "the bitter one" in Russian. It was as if the child who had walked away from that home had never truly left it behind, but had carried it with him, even in the name he chose for himself. Gorky lived with his grandfather, a man known for his crue...
Maxim Gorky in the early 20th century. Alexei Maximovich Peshkov was born on March 28, 1868, in Nizhny Novgorod, one of Russia's largest cities, on the banks of the Volga River. No one could have imagined that this orphaned boy, with no clear future ahead of him, would one day become one of the most influential literary voices of the 20th century. But before he became "Gorky," he had to walk a long road marked by loss, homelessness, hardship, and, ultimately, self-reinvention. This is not simply the story of a writer. It is the story of a man who chose, throughout his life, to redefine himself. Early Years In 1871, when Alexei was only three years old, his father, Maxim Peshkov, died of cholera. His mother took him to live with his maternal grandparents, believing their home would offer safety to a child who had just lost his father. It did not. His grandfather, Vasily Kashirin, was a harsh and quick-tempered man who believed physical punishment was the proper way to rais...